Analyses of Biofilm on Implant Abutment Surfaces Coating with Diamond-Like Carbon and Biocompatibility

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface free energy (SFE), wetting and surface properties as well as antimicrobial, adhesion and biocompatibility properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated surfaces. In addition, the leakage of Escherichia coli through the abutment-dental implant interface was also calculated. SFE was calculated from contact angle values; R a was measured before and after DLC coating. Antimicrobial and adhesion properties against E. coli and cytotoxicity of DLC with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were evaluated. Further, the ability of DLC-coated surfaces to prevent the migration of E. coli into the external hexagonal implant interface was also evaluated. A sterile technique was used for the semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (semi-quantitative PCR). The surfaces showed slight decreases in cell viability (p<0.05), while the SFE, R a, bacterial adhesion, antimicrobial, and bacterial infiltration tests showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). It was concluded that DLC was shown to be a biocompatible material with mild cytotoxicity that did not show changes in R a, SFE, bacterial adhesion or antimicrobial properties and did not inhibit the infiltration of E. coli into the abutment-dental implant interface.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a energia livre de superfície (ELS), molhabilidade e propriedades de superfície assim como propriedades antimicrobianas, de adesão e biocompatibilidade de superfícies recobertas com Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC). Além disso, investigou-se a infiltração de Escherichia coli por meio da interface abutment-implante dentário. ELS foi calculada a partir dos valores de ângulo de contato; Ra foi medida antes e depois do revestimento com DLC. Foram avaliadas propriedades antimicrobianas e de adesão contra E. coli e citotoxicidade do DLC utilizando queratinócitos humanos (HaCaT). Além disso, também avaliamos a capacidade para impedir a migração de E. coli na interface do implante hexágono externo. Uma técnica estéril foi utilizada para a reação em cadeia da polimerase semi-quantitativa (PCR semi-quantitativo). As superfícies mostraram uma ligeira diminuição da viabilidade celular (p<0,05), enquanto a ELS, R a , adesão bacteriana, testes antimicrobianos e de infiltração não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Concluiu-se que o DLC demonstrou ser um material biocompatível levemente citotóxico que não mostra alterações na Ra , ELS, adesão bacteriana ou propriedades antimicrobianas e não inibiu a infiltração de E. coli na interface abutment-implante dentário.

Analyses of Biofilm on Implant Abutment Surfaces Coating with Diamond-Like Carbon and Biocompatibility.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface free energy (SFE), wetting and surface properties as well as antimicrobial, adhesion and biocompatibility properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated surfaces. In addition, the leakage of Escherichia coli through the abutment-dental implant interface was also calculated. SFE was calculated from contact angle values; R a was measured before and after DLC coating. Antimicrobial and adhesion properties against E. coli and cytotoxicity of DLC with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were evaluated. Further, the ability of DLC-coated surfaces to prevent the migration of E. coli into the external hexagonal implant interface was also evaluated. A sterile technique was used for the semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (semi-quantitative PCR). The surfaces showed slight decreases in cell viability (p<0.05), while the SFE, R a, bacterial adhesion, antimicrobial, and bacterial infiltration tests showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). It was concluded that DLC was shown to be a biocompatible material with mild cytotoxicity that did not show changes in R a, SFE, bacterial adhesion or antimicrobial properties and did not inhibit the infiltration of E. coli into the abutment-dental implant interface.